Teacher: Anonymous
PREPOSITION
The word preposition indicates positioning something before something else.
And in English grammar–
A preposition is a word placed or positioned before a noun or a pronoun or noun equivalent to show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence.
Preposition এর কাজ হচ্ছে কোন Noun, Pronoun বা এদের সমতুল্য কোন শব্দ(গুচ্ছ) এর সংগে বাক্যের অন্য কোন শব্দের সম্পর্ক নির্ধারণ করা।
The following are the words used as preposition in English-
For, of, on, at, in, to, off, by, up, with, from, into, within, like, until, above, about, against, under, before, after, among, along, across, around, behind, bellow, beneath, beside, between, beyond, down, during, except, inside, near, since, toward, through and upon.
Role or function of Preposition
A preposition sits before a noun or a pronoun to show noun’s or pronoun’s relationship to another word in the sentence. Preposition helps to construct a sentence.
Example:
– He is looking for papers.
– Ram lives in Dwarka.
– Place the book on the table.
– I will go there after breakfast.
– Look at the sky clearly.
– You should stand by him.
Kinds of Preposition
Prepositions are of five different kinds:
i. Simple Preposition such as in, at, by, of, for, on, over, under, up, to, from, out, about, under, with, etc.
– He goes to school.
– Mani is about seven.
– These people are coming from abroad.
ii. Double Preposition such as into, onto, within, without, from, among, toward, behind, etc.
– He will be back within three days.
– We cannot do this job without you.
– She is different among the girls.
iii. Compound or Phrasal or Complex Prepositions are made of two or more words. Such as instead of, in front of, in between, out of, in behalf of, in place of, except for, throughout, underneath, on account of, according to, etc.
– Ram is talking in behalf of his team.
– Munmun is playing in place of Rimi.
– They carried on rescue mission in spite of bad weather.
iv. Participial Preposition.
Present or Past Participles can be used as Prepositions. Such as concerning, regarding, considering, pending, etc.
Example:
– What does he know regarding this proposal?
– Considering the quality, the price is not high.
v. Phrase Preposition.
Phrase prepositions (or prepositional phrases) include a preposition, an object, and the object’s modifier. Examples include phrases like on time, at home, before class, and on the floor.
- I will get to the conference on time.
- The baseball game was canceled after the heavy rain.
- John found his homework under the bed.
- The children loved the gifts from their grandparents.
- He succeeded with a little help.
- We met to discuss the project before class.
- She left muddy footprints on the clean floor.
- According to his wishes, his birthday will be private.
Following are the specific area to use prepositions.
i. Preposition of Place, Position and Direction (in, at, on, by, next, to, beside, )
| In At On By Above To Towards From Into | In the room. At the window. At the office. On the table. Sitting by the woman. Above the sky. Go to university. Towards east. Fled from home. Jumped into the well. |
ii. Preposition of time
| At After Before By During From For In On Since Within throughout | At 10 a.m., at dawn, at noon, at night, at an early age. After 3 O’clock, after his arrival. Before the 15th July. By 4 P.M. During five years. During the whole day / summer From 1st January. For a week / month. In June, in 2010, in the morning / evening / afternoon. On Sunday. Since he comes. Within three days. Throughout the year. |
iii. Preposition of Reason or Purpose
| For Form Of Through With | For the good of the people, died for the country. Died from fatigue, suffering from fever / cold. Died of cancer. Lost his pen through negligence Trembles with fear shivers with fever. |
